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Today, iron and steel slag is used in many fields where its unique characteristics can be put to effective use.
As a result of growing environmental awareness, iron and steel slag is highly regarded as a recycled material that can reduce impacts on the environment due to its resource-conservation and energy-saving effects.
Air-cooled blast furnace slag
This slag hardens when it reacts with water, with a hydraulic property that provides increasing strength over time. Because of its large load-bearing capacity, it is used in road base course material in the same way as gravel. There is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction, and this slag contains no clay or organic impurities. As a result, it is also used as a concrete aggregate in the same way as natural aggregate.
Granulated blast furnace slag
Just like air-cooled blast furnace slag, this slag has a hydraulic property and there is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction. Because of the powerful latent hydraulic property that results from fine grinding, this slag is used in products such as Portland blast furnace slag cement. When blended with cement, the ground granulated blast furnace slag becomes Portland blast furnace slag cement with the same properties as ordinary (Portland) cement. The advantages of this blast furnace slag cement, such as increasing strength over long periods of time, low heating speed when reacting with water, and high chemical durability, are put to effective use in a broad range of fields including in the construction of ports and harbors and other large civil engineering works.
Steelmaking slag
Because of its hydraulic property and the large bearing capacity it can provide, steelmaking slag is used as a road base course material. With high particle density and hardness, this slag has superior wear resistance and for this reason is used as an aggregate for asphalt concrete. In addition, due to its high angle of shearing resistance, high particle density, and large weight per unit volume, it is also used as a material for civil engineering works and as a ground improvement material (i.e., material for sand compaction piles).
Primary characteristics and applications of iron and steel slag |
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Characteristics |
Applications |
| Blast furnace slag |
Air-cooled slag |
Hydraulic property |
Road base course material |
| No alkali-aggregate reaction |
Coarse aggregate for concrete |
| Low Na2O and K2O |
Cement clinker raw material (replacement for clay) |
| Thermal insulation and sound absorption effects when made into a fiber |
Raw material for rock wool |
| Fertilizer component (CaO, SiO2) |
Calcium silicate fertilizer |
| Granulated slag |
Strong latent hydraulic property when finely ground |
Raw material for Portland blast furnace slag cement |
| Blending material for Portland cement |
| Concrete admixtures |
| Low Na2O and K2O |
Raw material for cement clinker (replacement for clay) |
| Latent hydraulic property |
Material for civil engineering works, ground improvement material
(Backfill material, earth cover material, embankment material, road subgrade improvement material, sand compaction material, ground drainage layers, etc.) |
| Lightweight, large angle of internal friction, large water permeability |
| Does not contain chlorides. |
Fine aggregate for concrete |
| No alkali-aggregate reaction |
| Fertilizer component (CaO, SiO2) |
Calcium silicate fertilizer |
| Soil improvement |
| Steelmaking slag |
Converter slag, electric arc furnace slag |
Hard, wear-resistant |
Aggregate for asphalt concrete |
| Hydraulic property |
Base course material |
| Large angle of internal friction |
Material for civil engineering works, ground improvement material (Material for sand compaction piles) |
| FeO, CaO, SiO2 components |
Raw material for cement clinker |
| Fertilizer components (CaO, SiO2, MgO, FeO) |
Fertilizer and soil improvement |
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